System and method for host initialization for an adapter that supports virtualization

ABSTRACT

A method, computer program product, and distributed data processing system that enables host software or firmware to map PCI adapter virtual resources to PCI bus addresses that are associated with a system image is provided. Virtual addresses maintained in a protection table segment assigned to a system image are mapped to physical addresses defined in entries of an address table segment assigned to the system image. Discontiguous memory regions identified in entries of the address table segment may thus be mapped to a contiguous virtual address space.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to commonly assigned and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,424 “Method, System and Program Product for Differentiating Between Virtual Hosts on Bus Transactions and Associating Allowable Memory Access for an Input/Output Adapter that Supports Virtualization”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,645 entitled “Virtualized I/O Adapter for a Multi-Processor Data Processing System”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/065,869 entitled “Virtualized Fibre Channel Adapter for a Multi-Processor Data Processing System”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,260,664, issued Aug. 21, 2007 entitled “Interrupt Mechanism on an IO Adapter That Supports Virtualization”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,201 entitled “System and Method for Modification of Virtual Adapter Resources in a Logically Partitioned Data Processing System”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/065,818 entitled “Method, System, and Computer Program Product for Virtual Adapter Destruction on a Physical Adapter that Supports Virtual Adapters”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,518 entitled “System and Method of Virtual Resource Modification on a Physical Adapter that Supports Virtual Resources”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,296 entitled “System and Method for Destroying Virtual Resources in a Logically Partitioned Data Processing System”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,419 entitled “Association of Memory Access Through Protection Attributes that are Associated to an Access Control Level on a PCI Adapter that Supports Virtualization”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,931 entitled “Association of Host Translations that are Associated to an Access Control Level on a PCI Bridge that Supports Virtualization”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/065,823 entitled “Method, Apparatus, and Computer Program Product for Coordinating Error Reporting and Reset Utilizing an I/O Adapter that Supports Virtualization”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/068,664 entitled “Method and System for Fully Trusted Adapter Validation of Addresses Referenced in a Virtual Host Transfer Request”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,353 entitled “System, Method, and Computer Program Product for a Fully Trusted Adapter Validation of Incoming Memory Mapped I/O Operations on a Physical Adapter that Supports Virtual Adapters or Virtual Resources”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/065,829 entitled “Data Processing System, Method, and Computer Program Product for Creation and Initialization of a Virtual Adapter on a Physical Adapter that Supports Virtual Adapter Level Virtualization”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,517 entitled “System and Method for Virtual Resource Initialization on a Physical Adapter that Supports Virtual Resources”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/065,821 entitled “Method and System for Native Virtualization on a Partially Trusted Adapter Using Adapter Bus, Device and Function Number for Identification”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,487 entitled “Native Virtualization on a Partially Trusted Adapter Using PCI Host Memory Mapped Input/Output Memory Address for Identification”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,519 entitled “Native Virtualization on a Partially Trusted Adapter Using PCI Host Bus, Device, and Function Number for Identification; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,521 entitled “System and Method for Virtual Adapter Resource Allocation”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/067,354 entitled “System and Method for Providing Quality of Service in a Virtual Adapter”; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/066,590 entitled “System and Method for Managing Metrics Table per Virtual Port in a Logically Partitioned Data Processing System” all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to communication protocols between a host computer and an input/output (I/O) adapter. More specifically, the present invention provides an implementation for supporting differentiated quality of service levels on a physical I/O adapter that supports I/O virtualization. In particular, the present invention provides a mechanism by which host software or firmware can map PCI adapter, such as a PCI, PCI-X, or PCI-E adapter, virtual resources to PCI bus addresses that are associated with a system image.

2. Description of Related Art

Virtualization is the creation of substitutes for real resources. The substitutes have the same functions and external interfaces as their real counterparts, but differ in attributes such as size, performance, and cost. These substitutes are virtual resources and their users are usually unaware of the substitute's existence. Servers have used two basic approaches to virtualize system resources: partitioning and logical partitioning (LPAR) managers. Partitioning creates virtual servers as fractions of a physical server's resources, typically in coarse (e.g., physical) allocation units (e.g., a whole processor, along with its associated memory and I/O adapters). LPAR managers are software or firmware components that can virtualize all server resources with fine granularity (e.g., in small fractions that of a single physical resource).

In conventional systems, servers that support virtualization have two general options for handling I/O. The first option was to not allow a single physical I/O adapter to be shared between virtual servers. The second option was to add functionality into the LPAR manager, or another suitable intermediary, that provides the isolation necessary to permit multiple operating systems to share a single physical adapter.

The first option has several problems. One significant problem is that expensive adapters cannot be shared between virtual servers. If a virtual server only needs to use a fraction of an expensive adapter, an entire adapter would be dedicated to the server. As the number of virtual servers on the physical server increases, this leads to under-utilization of the adapters and more importantly a more expensive solution, because each virtual server needs a physical adapter dedicated to it. For physical servers that support many virtual servers, another significant problem with this approach is that it requires many adapter slots, and the accompanying hardware (e.g., chips, connectors, cables, and the like) required to attach those adapters to the physical server.

Though the second option provides a mechanism for sharing adapters between virtual servers, that mechanism must be invoked and executed on every. I/O transaction. The invocation and execution of the sharing mechanism by the LPAR manager or other intermediary on every I/O transaction degrades performance. It also leads to a more expensive solution, because the customer must purchase more hardware, either to make up for the cycles used to perform the sharing mechanism or, if the sharing mechanism is offloaded to an intermediary, for the intermediary hardware.

It would be advantageous to have an improved method, apparatus, and computer instructions that enable host software or firmware to map PCI adapter, such as a PCI, PCI-X, or PCI-E adapter, virtual resources to PCI bus addresses that are associated with a system image. It would also be advantageous to have the mechanism apply for adapters that support memory mapped I/O interfaces, such as Ethernet NICs (Network Interface Controllers), FC (Fibre Channel) HBAs (Host Bus Adapters), pSCSI (parallel SCSI) HBAs, InfiniBand, TCP/IP Offload Engines, RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) enabled NICs (Network Interface Controllers), iSCSI adapters, iSER (iSCSI Extensions for RDMA) adapters, and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method, computer program product, and distributed data processing system that enables host software or firmware, such as a super-privileged hypervisor, to map PCI adapter, such as a PCI, PCI-X, or PCI-E adapter, virtual resources to PCI bus addresses that are associated with a system image. More specifically, the present invention provides a method, computer program product, and distributed data processing system for initialization of a logically partitioned data processing system in which PCI adapter virtual resources are mapped to a system image. A first processing queue table segment is allocated in an adapter memory. The first processing queue table segment is associated with a first system image allocated in a host memory of the logically partitioned data processing system. A first protection table segment that defines attributes of a plurality of regions of the host memory is allocated in an the adapter memory. The plurality of regions are allocated to a processing queue of the first system image. A first address table segment associated with the first protection table segment is allocated in the adapter memory. The address table segment defines physical addresses of the plurality of regions of the processing queue. The physical addresses are mapped to logical addresses by the first protection table segment and the first address table segment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a distributed computer system illustrated in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a small host processor node in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a small integrated host processor node in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a large host processor node in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the elements of the parallel Peripheral Computer Interface (PCI) bus protocol in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the elements of the serial PCI bus protocol (PCI-Express or PCI-E) in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating I/O virtualization functions provided in a host processor node in order to provide virtual host access isolation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the control fields used in a PCI bus transaction to identify a virtual adapter or system image in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating adapter resources that must be virtualized in order to allow: an adapter to directly access virtual host resources; allow a virtual host to directly access Adapter resources; and allow a non-PCI port on the adapter to access resources on the adapter or host in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the creation of three access control levels used to manage a PCI family adapter that supports I/O virtualization in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating how host memory that is associated with a system image is made available to a virtual adapter that is associated with that system image through the logical partitioning manager in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating how a PCI family adapter allows a logical partitioning manager to associate memory in the PCI adapter to a system image and its associated virtual adapter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating one of the options for determining the virtual adapter that is associated with an incoming memory address in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating one of the options for determining a virtual adapter that is associated with a PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a virtual adapter management approach for virtualizing adapter resources in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a virtual resource management approach for virtualizing adapter resources in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the memory mapping of a processing queue on a PCI adapter that supports either the virtual adapter or virtual resource management in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the memory mapping of an address translation and protection table on a PCI adapter that supports either the virtual adapter or virtual resource management in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 19 is a flowchart outlining an exemplary operation of a mechanism that enables host software or firmware, such a super-privileged Hypervisor, to map PCI adapter virtual resources to PCI bus addresses that are associated with a system image.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention applies to any general or special purpose host that uses a PCI family I/O adapter to directly attach a storage device or to attach to a network, where the network consists of endnodes, switches, routers and the links interconnecting these components. The network links can be, for example, Fibre Channel, Ethernet, InfiniBand, Advanced Switching Interconnect, or a proprietary link that uses proprietary or standard protocols. While embodiments of the present invention are shown and described as employing a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) family adapter, implementations of the invention are not limited to such a configuration as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Teachings of the invention may be implemented on any physical adapter that support a memory mapped input/output (MMIO) interface, such as, but not limited to, HyperTransport, Rapid I/O, proprietary MMIO interfaces, or other adapters having a MMIO interface now know or later developed. Implementations of the present invention utilizing a PCI family adapter are provided for illustrative purposes to facilitate an understanding of the invention.

With reference now to the figures and in particular with reference to FIG. 1, a diagram of a distributed computer system is illustrated in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The distributed computer system represented in FIG. 1 takes the form of a network, such as network 120, and is provided merely for illustrative purposes and the embodiments of the present invention described below can be implemented on computer systems of numerous other types and configurations. Two switches (or routers) are shown inside of network 120-switch 116 and switch 140. Switch 116 connects to small host node 100 through port 112. Small host node 100 also contains a second type of port 104 which connects to a direct attached storage subsystem, such as direct attached storage 108.

Network 120 can also attach large host node 124 through port 136 which attaches to switch 140. Large host node 124 can also contain a second type of port 128, which connects to a direct attached storage subsystem, such as direct attached storage 132.

Network 120 can also attach a small integrated host node 144 which is connected to network 120 through port 148 which attaches to switch 140. Small integrated host node 144 can also contain a second type of port 152 which connects to a direct attached storage subsystem, such as direct attached storage 156.

Turning next to FIG. 2, a functional block diagram of a small host node is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Small host node 202 is an example of a host processor node, such as small host node 100 shown in FIG. 1.

In this example, small host node 202 includes two processor I/O hierarchies, such as processor I/O hierarchies 200 and 203, which are interconnected through link 201. In the illustrative example of FIG. 2, processor I/O hierarchy 200 includes processor chip 207 which includes one or more processors and their associated caches. Processor chip 207 is connected to memory 212 through link 208. One of the links on processor chip, such as link 220, connects to PCI family I/O bridge 228. PCI family I/O bridge 228 has one or more PCI family (e.g., PCI, PCI-X, PCI-Express, or any future generation of PCI) links that is used to connect other PCI family I/O bridges or a PCI family I/O adapter, such as PCI family adapter 244 and PCI family adapter 245, through a PCI link, such as links 232, 236, and 240. PCI family adapter 245 can also be used to connect a network, such as network 264, through a link via either a switch or router, such as switch or router 260. PCI family adapter 244 can be used to connect direct attached storage, such as direct attached storage 252, through link 248. Processor I/O hierarchy 203 may be configured in a manner similar to that shown and described with reference to processor I/O hierarchy 200.

With reference now to FIG. 3, a functional block diagram of a small integrated host node is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Small integrated host node 302 is an example of a host processor node, such as small integrated host node 144 shown in FIG. 1.

In this example, small integrated host node 302 includes two processor I/O hierarchies 300 and 303, which are interconnected through link 301. In the illustrative example, processor I/O hierarchy 300 includes processor chip 304, which is representative of one or more processors and associated caches. Processor chip 304 is connected to memory 312 through link 308. One of the links on the processor chip, such as link 330, connects to a PCI family adapter, such as PCI family adapter 345. Processor chip 304 has one or more PCI family (e.g., PCI, PCI-X, PCI-Express, or any future generation of PCI) links that is used to connect either PCI family I/O bridges or a PCI family I/O adapter, such as PCI family adapter 344 and PCI family adapter 345 through a PCI link, such as links 316, 330, and 324. PCI family adapter 345 can also be used to connect with a network, such as network 364, through link 356 via either a switch or router, such as switch or router 360. PCI family adapter 344 can be used to connect with direct attached storage 352 through link 348.

Turning now to FIG. 4, a functional block diagram of a large host node is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Large host node 402 is an example of a host processor node, such as large host node 124 shown in FIG. 1.

In this example, large host node 402 includes two processor I/O hierarchies 400 and 403 interconnected through link 401. In the illustrative example of FIG. 4, processor I/O hierarchy 400 includes processor chip 404, which is representative of one or more processors and associated caches. Processor chip 404 is connected to memory 412 through link 408. One of the links, such as link 440, on the processor chip connects to a PCI family I/O hub, such as PCI family I/O hub 441. The PCI family I/O hub uses a network 442 to attach to a PCI family I/O bridge 448. That is, PCI family I/O bridge 448 is connected to switch or router 436 through link 432 and switch or router 436 also attaches to PCI family I/O hub 441 through link 443. Network 442 allows the PCI family I/O hub and PCI family I/O bridge to be placed in different packages. PCI family I/O bridge 448 has one or more PCI family (e.g., PCI, PCI-X, PCI-Express, or any future generation of PCI) links that is used to connect with other PCI family I/O bridges or a PCI family I/O adapter, such as PCI family adapter 456 and PCI family adapter 457 through a PCI link, such as links 444, 446, and 452. PCI family adapter 456 can be used to connect direct attached storage 476 through link 460. PCI family adapter 457 can also be used to connect with network 464 through link 468 via, for example, either a switch or router 472.

Turning next to FIG. 5, illustrations of the phases contained in a PCI bus transaction 500 and a PCI-X bus transaction 520 are depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. PCI bus transaction 500 depicts a conventional PCI bus transaction that forms the unit of information which is transferred through a PCI fabric for conventional PCI. PCI-X bus transaction 520 depicts the PCI-X bus transaction that forms the unit of information which is transferred through a PCI fabric for PCI-X.

PCI bus transaction 500 shows three phases: an address phase 508; a data phase 512; and a turnaround cycle 516. Also depicted is the arbitration for next transfer 504, which can occur simultaneously with the address, data, and turnaround cycle phases. For PCI, the address contained in the address phase is used to route a bus transaction from the adapter to the host and from the host to the adapter.

PCI-X transaction 520 shows five phases: an address phase 528; an attribute phase 532; a response phase 560; a data phase 564; and a turnaround cycle 566. Also depicted is the arbitration for next transfer 524 which can occur simultaneously with the address, attribute, response, data, and turnaround cycle phases. Similar to conventional PCI, PCI-X uses the address contained in the address phase to route a bus transaction from the adapter to the host and from the host to the adapter. However, PCI-X adds the attribute phase 532 which contains three fields that define the bus transaction requestor, namely: requestor bus number 544, requestor device number 548, and requestor function number 552 (collectively referred to herein as a BDF). The bus transaction also contains a tag 540 that uniquely identifies the specific bus transaction in relation to other bus transactions that are outstanding between the requestor and a responder. The byte count 556 contains a count of the number of bytes being sent.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustration of the phases contained in a PCI-Express bus transaction is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. PCI-E bus transaction 600 forms the unit of information which is transferred through a PCI fabric for PCI-E.

PCI-E bus transaction 600 shows six phases: frame phase 608; sequence number 612; header 664; data phase 668; cyclical redundancy check (CRC) 672; and frame phase 680. PCI-E header 664 contains a set of fields defined in the PCI-Express specification. The requester identifier (ID) field 628 contains three fields that define the bus transaction requester, namely: requestor bus number 684, requester device number 688, and requestor function number 692. The PCI-E header also contains tag 652, which uniquely identifies the specific bus transaction in relation to other bus transactions that are outstanding between the requester and a responder. The length field 644 contains a count of the number of bytes being sent.

With reference now to FIG. 7, a functional block diagram of a PCI adapter, such as PCI family adapter 736, and the firmware and software that run on host hardware (e.g. processor with possibly an I/O hub or I/O bridge), such as host hardware 700, is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 also shows a logical partitioning (LPAR) manager 708 running on host hardware 700. LPAR manager 708 may be implemented as a Hypervisor manufactured by International Business Machines, Inc. of Armonk, N.Y. LPAR manager 708 can run in firmwate, software, or a combination of the two. LPAR manager 708 hosts two system image (SI) partitions, such as system image 712 and system image 724 (illustratively designated system image 1 and system image 2, respectively). The system image partitions may be respective operating systems running in software, a special purpose image running in software, such as a storage block server or storage file server image, or a special purpose image running in firmware. Applications can run on these system images, such as applications 716, 720, 728, and 732 (illustratively designated application 1A, application 2, application 1B and application 3). Applications 716 and 728 are representative of separate instances of a common application program, and are thus illustratively designated with respective references of “1A” and “1B”. In the illustrative example, applications 716 and 720 run on system image 712 and applications 728 and 732 run on system image 724. As referred to herein, a virtual host comprises a system image, such as system image 712, or the combination of a system image and applications running within the system image. Thus, two virtual hosts are depicted in FIG. 7.

PCI family adapter 736 contains a set of physical adapter configuration resources 740 and physical adapter memory resources 744. The physical adapter configuration resources 740 and physical adapter memory resources 744 contain information describing the number of virtual adapters that PCI family adapter 736 can support and the physical resources allocated to each virtual adapter. As referred to herein, a virtual adapter is an allocation of a subset of physical adapter resources and virtualized resources, such as a subset of physical adapter resources and physical adapter memory, that is associated with a logical partition, such as system image 712 and applications 716 and 720 running on system image 712, as described more fully hereinbelow. LPAR manager 708 is provided a physical configuration resource interface 738, and physical memory configuration interface 742 to read and write into the physical adapter configuration resource and memory spaces during the adapter's initial configuration and reconfiguration. Through the physical configuration resource interface 738 and physical configuration memory interface 742, LPAR manager 708 creates virtual adapters and assigns physical resources to each virtual adapter. LPAR manager 708 may use one of the system images, for example a special software or firmware partition, as a hosting partition that uses physical configuration resource interface 738 and physical configuration memory interface 742 to perform a portion, or even all, of the virtual adapter initial configuration and reconfiguration functions.

FIG. 7 shows a configuration of PCI family adapter 736 configured with two virtual adapters. A first virtual adapter (designated virtual adapter 1) comprises virtual adapter resources 748 and virtual adapter memory 752 that were assigned by LPAR manager 708 and that is associated with system image 712 (designated system image 1). Similarly, a second virtual adapter (designated virtual adapter 2) comprises virtual adapter resources 756 and virtual adapter memory 760 that were assigned by LPAR manager 708 to virtual adapter 2 and that is associated with another system image 724 (designated system image 2). For an adapter used to connect to a direct attached storage, such as direct attached storage 108, 132, or 156 shown in FIG. 1, examples of virtual adapter resources may include: the list of the associated physical disks, a list of the associated logical unit numbers, and a list of the associated adapter functions (e.g., redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) level). For an adapter used to connect to a network, such as network 120 of FIG. 1, examples of virtual adapter resources may include: a list of the associated link level identifiers, a list of the associated network level identifiers, a list of the associated virtual fabric identifiers (e.g. Virtual LAN IDs for Ethernet fabrics, N-port IDs for Fibre Channel fabrics, and partition keys for InfiniBand fabrics), and a list of the associated network layers functions (e.g. network offload services).

After LPAR manager 708 configures the PCI family adapter 736, each system image is allowed to only communicate with the virtual adapters that were associated with that system image by LPAR manager 708. As shown in FIG. 7 (by solid lines), system image 712 is allowed to directly communicate with virtual adapter resources 748 and virtual adapter memory 752 of virtual adapter 1. System image 712 is not allowed to directly communicate with virtual adapter resources 756 and virtual adapter memory 760 of virtual adapter 2 as shown in FIG. 7 by dashed lines. Similarly, system image 724 is allowed to directly communicate with virtual adapter resources 756 and virtual adapter memory 760 of virtual adapter 2, and is not allowed to directly communicate with virtual adapter resources 748 and virtual adapter memory 752 of virtual adapter 1.

With reference now to FIG. 8, a depiction of a component, such as a processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800, inside a host node, such as small host node 100, large host node 124, or small, integrated host node 144 shown in FIG. 1, that attaches a PCI family adapter, such as PCI family adapter 804, through a PCI-X or PCI-E link, such as PCI-X or PCI-E Link 808, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.

FIG. 8 shows that when a system image, such as system image 712 or 724, or LPAR manager 708 shown in FIG. 7 performs a PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction, such as host to adapter PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction 812, the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 that connects to the PCI-X or PCI-E link 808 which issues the host to adapter PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction 812 fills in the bus number, device number, and function number fields in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction. The processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 has two options for how to fill in these three fields: it can either use the same bus number, device number, and function number for all software components that use the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800; or it can use a different bus number, device number, and function number for each software component that uses the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800. The originator or initiator of the transaction may be a software component, such as system image 712 or system image 724 (or an application running on a system image), or LPAR manager 708.

If the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 uses the same bus number, device number, and function number for all transaction initiators, then when a software component initiates a PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction, such as host to adapter PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction 812, the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 places the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge's bus number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requestor bus number field 820, such as requestor bus number 544 field of the PCI-X transaction shown in FIG. 5 or requester bus number 684 field of the PCI-E transaction shown in FIG. 6. Similarly, the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 places the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge's device number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requester device number 824 field, such as requester device number 548 field shown in FIG. 5 or requestor device number 688 field shown in FIG. 6. Finally, the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 places the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge's function number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requestor function number 828 field, such as requester function number 552 field shown in FIG. 5 or requestor function number 692 field shown in FIG. 6. The processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 also places in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction the physical or virtual adapter memory address to which the transaction is targeted as shown by adapter resource or address 816 field in FIG. 8.

If the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 uses a different bus number, device number, and function number for each transaction initiator, then the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 assigns a bus number, device number, and function number to the transaction initiator. When a software component initiates a PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction, such as host to adapter PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction 812, the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 places the software component's bus number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requestor bus number 820 field, such as requester bus number 544 field shown in FIG. 5 or requester bus number 684 field shown in FIG. 6. Similarly, the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 places the software component's device number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requester device number 824 field, such as requester device number 548 field shown in FIG. 5 or requester device number 688 field shown in FIG. 6. Finally, the processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 places the software component's function number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requester function number 828 field, such as requester function number 552 field shown in FIG. 5 or requester function number 692 field shown in FIG. 6. The processor, I/O hub, or I/O bridge 800 also places in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction the physical or virtual adapter memory address to which the transaction is targeted as shown by adapter resource or address field 816 in FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 also shows that when physical or virtual adapter 806 performs PCI-X or PCI-E bus transactions, such as adapter to host PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction 832, the PCI family adapter, such as PCI physical family adapter 804, that connects to PCI-X or PCI-E link 808 which issues the adapter to host PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction 832 places the bus number, device number, and function number associated with the physical or virtual adapter that initiated the bus transaction in the requester bus number, device number, and function number 836, 840, and 844 fields. Notably, to support more than one bus or device number, PCI family adapter 804 must support one or more internal busses (For a PCI-X adapter, see the PCI-X Addendum to the PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 1.0 or 1.0a; for a PCI-E adapter see PCI-Express Base Specification Revision 1.0 or 1.0a the details of which are herein incorporated by reference). To perform this function, LPAR manager 708 associates each physical or virtual adapter to a software component running by assigning a bus number, device number, and function number to the physical or virtual adapter. When the physical or virtual adapter initiates an adapter to host PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction, PCI family adapter 804 places the physical or virtual adapter's bus number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requester bus number 836 field, such as requestor bus number 544 field shown in FIG. 5 or requestor bus number 684 field shown in FIG. 6 (shown in FIG. 8 as adapter bus number 836). Similarly, PCI family adapter 804 places the physical or virtual adapter's device number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requester device number 840 field, such as Requestor device Number 548 field shown in FIG. 5 or requestor device number 688 field shown in FIG. 6 (shown in FIG. 8 as adapter device number 840). PCI family adapter 804 places the physical or virtual adapter's function number in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction's requester function number 844 field, such as requestor function number 552 field shown in FIG. 5 or requester function number 692 field shown in FIG. 6 (shown in FIG. 8 as adapter function number 844). Finally, PCI family adapter 804 also places in the PCI-X or PCI-E bus transaction the memory address of the software component that is associated, and targeted by, the physical or virtual adapter in host resource or address 848 field.

With reference now to FIG. 9, a functional block diagram of a PCI adapter with two virtual adapters depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. Exemplary PCI family adapter 900 is configured with two virtual adapters 916 and 920 (illustratively designated virtual adapter 1 and virtual adapter 2). PCI family adapter 900 may contain one (or more) PCI family adapter ports (also referred to herein as an upstream port), such as PCI-X or PCI-E adapter port 912 that interface with a host system, such as small host node 100, large host node 124, or small integrated host node 144 shown in FIG. 1. PCI family adapter 900 may also contain one (or more) device or network ports (also referred to herein as downstream ports), such as physical port 904 and physical port 908 that interface with a peripheral or network device.

FIG. 9 also shows the types of resources that can be virtualized on a PCI adapter. The resources of PCI family adapter 900 that may be virtualized include processing queues, address and configuration memory, adapter PCI ports, host memory management resources and downstream physical ports, such as device or network ports. In the illustrative example, virtualized resources of PCI family adapter 900 allocated to virtual adapter 916 include, for example, processing queues 924, address and configuration memory 928, PCI virtual port 936 that is a virtualization of adapter PCI port 912, host memory management resources 984 (such as memory region registration and memory window binding resources on InfiniBand or iWARP), and virtual device or network ports, such as virtual external port 932 and virtual external port 934 that are virtualizations of physical ports 904 and 908. PCI virtual ports and virtual device and network ports are also referred to herein simply as virtual ports. Similarly, virtualized resources of PCI family adapter 900 allocated to virtual adapter 920 include, for example, processing queues 940, address and configuration memory 944, PCI virtual port 952 that is a virtualization of adapter PCI port 912, host memory management resources 980, and virtual device or network ports, such as virtual external port 948 and virtual external port 950 that are respectively virtualizations of respective physical ports 904 and 908.

Turning next to FIG. 10, a functional block diagram of the access control levels on a PCI family adapter, such as PCI family adapter 900 shown in FIG. 9, is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The three levels of access are a super-privileged physical resource allocation level 1000, a privileged virtual resource allocation level 1008, and a non-privileged level 1016.

The functions performed at the super-privileged physical resource allocation level 1000 include but are not limited to: PCI family adapter queries, creation, modification and deletion of virtual adapters, submission and retrieval of work, reset and recovery of the physical adapter, and allocation of physical resources to a virtual adapter instance. The PCI family adapter queries are used to determine, for example, the physical adapter type (e.g. Fibre Channel, Ethernet, iSCSI, parallel SCSI), the functions supported on the physical adapter, and the number of virtual adapters supported by the PCI family adapter. The LPAR manager, such as LPAR manager 708 shown in FIG. 7, performs the physical adapter resource management 1004 functions associated with super-privileged physical resource allocation level 1000. However, the LPAR manager may use a system image, for example an I/O hosting partition, to perform the physical adapter resource management 1004 functions.

The functions performed at the privileged virtual resource allocation level 1008 include, for example, virtual-adapter queries, allocation and initialization of virtual adapter resources, reset and recovery of virtual adapter resources, submission and retrieval of work through virtual adapter resources, and, for virtual adapters that support offload services, allocation and assignment of virtual adapter resources to a middleware process or thread instance. The virtual adapter queries are used to determine: the virtual adapter type (e.g. Fibre Channel, Ethernet, iSCSI, parallel SCSI) and the functions supported on the virtual adapter. A system image, such as system image 712 shown in FIG. 7, performs the privileged virtual adapter resource management 1012 functions associated with virtual resource allocation level 1008.

Finally, the functions performed at the non-privileged level 1016 include, for example, query of virtual adapter resources that have been assigned to software running at the non-privileged level 1016 and submission and retrieval of work through virtual adapter resources that have been assigned to software running at the non-privileged level 1016. An application, such as application 716 shown in FIG. 7, performs the virtual adapter access library 1020 functions associated with non-privileged level 1016.

Turning next to FIG. 11, a functional block diagram of host memory addresses that are made accessible to a PCI family adapter is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. PCI family adapter 1101 is an example of PCI family adapter 900 that may have virtualized resources as described above in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 depicts four different mechanisms by which a LPAR manager 708 can associate host memory to a system image and to a virtual adapter. Once host memory has been associated with a system image and a virtual adapter, the virtual adapter can then perform DMA write and read operations directly to the host memory. System images 1108 and 1116 are examples of system images, such as system images 712 and 724 described above with reference to FIG. 7, that are respectively associated with virtual adapters 1104 and 1112. Virtual adapters 1104 and 1112 are examples of virtual adapters, such as virtual adapters 916 and 920 described above with reference to FIG. 9, that comprise respective allocations of virtual adapter resources and virtual adapter memory.

The first exemplary mechanism that LPAR manager 708 can use to associate and make available host memory to a system image and to one or more virtual adapters is to write into the virtual adapter's resources a system image association list 1122. Virtual adapter resources 1120 contains a list of PCI bus addresses, where each PCI bus address in the list is associated by the platform hardware to the starting address of a system image (SI) page, such as SI 1 page 1 1128 through SI 1 page N 1136 allocated to system image 1108. Virtual adapter resources 1120 also contains the page size, which is equal for all the pages in the list. At initial configuration, and during reconfigurations, LPAR manager 708 loads system image association list 1122 into virtual adapter resources 1120. The system image association list 1122 defines the set of addresses that virtual adapter 1104 can use in DMA write and read operations. After the system image association list 1122 has been created, virtual adapter 1104 must validate that each DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1108 is contained within a page in the system image association list 1122. If the DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1108 is contained within a page in the system image association list 1122, then virtual adapter 1104 may perform the operation. Otherwise virtual adapter 1104 is prohibited from performing the operation. Alternatively, the PCI family adapter 1101 may use a special, LPAR manager-style virtual adapter (rather than virtual adapter 1104) to perform the check that determines if a DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1108 is contained within a page in the system image association list 1122. In a similar manner, virtual adapter 1112 associated with system image 1116 validates DMA write or read requests submitted by system image 1116. Particularly, virtual adapter 1112 provides validation for DMA read and write requests from system image 1116 by determining whether the DMA write or read request is in a page in system image association list (configured in a manner similarly to system image association list 1122) associated with system image pages of system image 1116.

The second mechanism that LPAR manager 708 can use to associate and make available host memory to a system image and to one or more virtual adapters is to write a starting page address and page size into system image association list 1122 in the virtual adapter's resources. For example, virtual adapter resources 1120 may contain a single PCI bus address that is associated by the platform hardware to the starting address of a system image page, such as SI 1 Page 1 1128. System image association list 1122 in virtual adapter resources 1120 also contains the size of the page. At initial configuration, and during reconfigurations, LPAR manager 708 loads the page size and starting page address into system image association list 1122 into the virtual adapter resources 1120. The system image association list 1122 defines the set of addresses that virtual adapter 1104 can use in DMA write and read operations. After the system image association list 1122 has been created, virtual adapter 1104 validates whether each DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1108 is contained within a page in system image association list 1122. If the DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1108 is contained within a page in the system image association list 1122, then virtual adapter 1104 may perform the operation. Otherwise, virtual adapter 1104 is prohibited from performing the operation. Alternatively, the PCI family adapter 1101 may use a special, LPAR manager-style virtual adapter (rather than virtual adapter 1104) to perform the check that determines if a DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1108 is contained within a page in the system image association list 1122. In a similar manner, virtual adapter 1112 associated with system image 1116 may validate DMA write or read requests submitted by system image 1116. Particularly, a system image association list similar to system image association list 1122 may be associated with virtual adapter 1112. The system image association list associated with virtual adapter 1112 is loaded with a page size and starting page address of a system image page of system image 1116 associated with virtual adapter 1112. The system image association list associated with virtual adapter 1112 thus provides a mechanism for validation of DMA read and write requests from system image 1116 by determining whether the DMA write or read request is in a page in a system image association list associated with system image pages of system image 1116.

The third mechanism that LPAR manager 708 can use to associate and make available host memory to a system image and to one or more virtual adapters is to write into the virtual adapter's resources a system image buffer association list 1154. In FIG. 11, virtual adapter resources 1150 contains a list of PCI bus address pairs (starting and ending address), where each pair of PCI bus addresses in the list is associated by the platform hardware to a pair (starting and ending) of addresses of a system image buffer, such as SI 2 Buffer 1 1166 through SI 2 Buffer N 1180 allocated to system image 1116. At initial configuration, and during reconfigurations. LPAR manager 708 loads system image buffer association list 1154 into the virtual adapter resources 1150. The system image buffer association list 1154 defines the set of addresses that virtual adapter 1112 can use in DMA write and read operations. After the system image buffer association list 1154 has been created, virtual adapter 1112 validates whether each DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1116 is contained within a buffer in system image buffer association list 1154. If the DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1116 is contained within a buffer in the system image buffer association list 1154, then virtual adapter 1112 may perform the operation. Otherwise, virtual adapter 1112 is prohibited from performing the operation. Alternatively, the PCI family adapter 1101 may use a special, LPAR manager-style virtual adapter (rather than virtual adapter 1112) to perform the check that determines if DMA write or DMA read operations requested by system image 1116 is contained within a buffer in the system image buffer association list 1154. In a similar manner, virtual adapter 1104 associated with system image 1108 may validate DMA write or read requests submitted by system image 1108. Particularly, virtual adapter 1104 provides validation for DMA read and write requests from system image 1108 by determining whether the DMA write or read requested by system image 1108 is contained within a buffer in a buffer association list that contains PCI bus starting and ending address pairs in association with system image buffer starting and ending address pairs of buffers allocated to system image 1108 in a manner similar to that described above for system image 1116 and virtual adapter 1112.

The fourth mechanism that LPAR manager 708 can use to associate and make available host memory to a system image and to one or more virtual adapters is to write into the virtual adapter's resources a single starting and ending address in system image buffer association list 1154. In this implementation, virtual adapter resources 1150 contains a single pair of PCI bus starting and ending address that is associated by the platform hardware to a pair (starting and ending) of addresses associated with a system image buffer, such as SI 2 Buffer 1 1166. At initial configuration, and during reconfigurations, LPAR manager 708 loads the starting and ending addresses of SI 2 buffer 1 1166 into the system image buffer association list 1154 in virtual adapter resources 1150. The system image buffer association list 1154 then defines the set of addresses that virtual adapter 1112 can use in DMA write and read operations. After the system, image buffer association list 1154 has been created, virtual adapter 1112 validates whether each DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1116 is contained within the system image buffer association list 1154. If the DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1116 is contained within system image buffer association list 1154, then virtual adapter 1112 may perform the operation. Otherwise, virtual adapter 1112 is prohibited from performing the operation. Alternatively, the PCI family adapter 1101 may use a special, LPAR manager-style virtual adapter (rather than virtual adapter 1150) to perform the check that determines if DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1116 is contained within a page system image buffer association list 1154. In a similar manner, virtual adapter 1104 associated with system image 1108 may validate DMA write or read requests submitted by system image 1108. Particularly, virtual adapter 1104 provides validation for DMA read and write requests from system image 1108 by determining whether the DMA write or read requested by system image 1108 is contained within a buffer in a buffer association list that contains a single PCI bus starting and ending address in association with a system image buffer starting and ending address allocated to system image 1108 in a manner similar to that described above for system image 1116 and virtual adapter 1112.

Turning next to FIG. 12, a functional block diagram of a PCI family adapter configured with memory addresses that are made accessible to a system image is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 depicts four different mechanisms by which a LPAR manager can associate PCI family adapter memory to a virtual adapter, such as virtual adapter 1204, and to a system image, such as system image 1208. Once PCI family adapter memory has been associated to a system image and a virtual adapter, the system image can then perform Memory Mapped I/O write and read (i.e., store and load) operations directly to the PCI family adapter memory.

A notable difference between the system image and virtual adapter configuration shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 exists. In the configuration shown in FIG. 11, PCI family adapter 1101 only holds a list of host addresses that do not have any local memory associated with them. If the PCI family adapter supports flow-through traffic, then data arriving on an external port can directly flow through the PCI family adapter and be transferred, through DMA writes, directly into these host addresses. Similarly, if the PCI family adapter supports flow-through traffic, then data from these host addresses can directly flow through the PCI family adapter and be transferred out of an external port. Accordingly, PCI family adapter 1101 shown in FIG. 11 does not include local adapter memory and thus is unable to initiate a DMA operation. On the other hand, PCI family adapter 1201 shown in FIG. 12 has local adapter memory that is associated with the list of host memory addresses. PCI family adapter 1201 can initiate, for example, DMA writes from its local memory to the host memory or DMA reads from the host memory to its local memory. Similarly, the host can initiate, for example, Memory Mapped I/O writes from its local memory to the PCI family adapter memory or Memory Mapped I/O reads from the PCI family adapter memory to the host's local memory.

The first and second mechanisms that LPAR manager 708 can use to associate and make available PCI family adapter memory to a system image and to a virtual adapter is to write into the PCI family adapter's physical adapter memory translation table 1290 a page size and the starting address of one (first mechanism) or more (second mechanism) pages. In this case all pages have the same size. For example, FIG. 12 depicts a set of pages that have been mapped between system image 1208 and virtual adapter 1204. Particularly, SI 1 Page 1 1224 through SI 1 Page N 1242 of system image 1208 are mapped (illustratively shown by interconnected arrows) to virtual adapter memory pages 1224-1232 of physical adapter 1201 local memory. For system image 1208, all associated pages 1224-1242 in the list have the same size. At initial configuration, and during reconfigurations, LPAR manager 708 loads the PCI family adapter's physical adapter memory translation table 1290 with the page size and the starting address of one or more pages. The physical adapter memory translation table 1290 then defines the set of addresses that virtual adapter 1204 can use in DMA write and read operations. After physical adapter memory translation table 1290 has been created, PCI family adapter 1201 (or virtual adapter 1204) validates that each DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1208 is contained in the physical adapter memory translation table 1290 and is associated with virtual adapter 1204. If the DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1208 is contained in the physical adapter memory translation table 1290 and is associated with virtual adapter 1204, then virtual adapter 1204 may perform the operation. Otherwise, virtual adapter 1204 is prohibited from performing the operation. The physical adapter memory translation table 1290 also defines the set of addresses that system image 1208 can use in Memory Mapped I/O (MMIO) write and read operations. After physical adapter memory translation table 1290 has been created, PCI family adapter 1201 (or virtual adapter 1204) validates whether the Memory Mapped I/O write or read requested by system image 1208 is contained in the physical adapter memory translation table 1290 and is associated with virtual adapter 1204. If the MMIO write or MMIO read requested by system image 1208 is contained in the physical adapter memory translation table 1290 associated with virtual adapter 1204, then virtual adapter 1204 may perform the operation. Otherwise virtual adapter 1204 is prohibited from performing the operation. It should be understood that in the present example, other system images and associated virtual adapters, e.g., system image 1216 and virtual adapter 1212, are configured in a similar manner for PCI family adapter 1201 (or virtual adapter 1212) validation of DMA operations and MMIO operations requested by system image 1216.

The third and fourth mechanisms that LPAR manager 708 can use to associate and make available PCI family adapter memory to a system image and to a virtual adapter is to write into the PCI family adapter's physical adapter memory translation table 1290 one (third mechanism) or more (fourth mechanism) buffer starting and ending addresses (or starting address and length). In this case, the buffers may have different sizes. For example, FIG. 12 depicts a set of varying sized buffers that have been mapped between system image 1216 and virtual adapter 1212. Particularly, SI 2 Buffer 1 1244 through SI 2 Buffer N 1248 of system image 1216 are mapped to virtual adapter buffers 1258-1274 of virtual adapter 1212. For system image 1216, the buffers in the list have different sizes. At initial configuration, and during reconfigurations, LPAR manager 708 loads the PCI family adapter's physical adapter memory translation table 1290 with the starting and ending address (or starting address and length) of one or more pages. The physical adapter memory translation table 1290 then defines the set of addresses that virtual adapter 1212 can use in DMA write and read operations. After physical adapter memory translation table 1290 has been created, PCI family adapter 1201 (or virtual adapter 1212) validates that each DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1216 is contained in the physical adapter memory translation table 1290 and is associated with virtual adapter 1212. If the DMA write or DMA read requested by system image 1216 is contained in the physical adapter memory translation table 1290 and is associated with virtual adapter 1212, then virtual adapter 1212 may perform the operation. Otherwise, virtual adapter 1212 is prohibited from performing the operation. The physical adapter memory translation table 1290 also defines the set of addresses that system image 1216 can use in Memory Mapped I/O (MMIO) write and read operations. After physical adapter memory translation table 1290 has been created, PCI family adapter 1201 (or virtual adapter 1212) validates whether a MMIO write or read requested by system image 1216 is contained in the physical adapter memory translation table 1290 and is associated with virtual adapter 1212. If the MMIO write or MMIO read requested by system image 1216 is contained in the physical adapter memory translation table 1290 and is associated with virtual adapter 1212, then virtual adapter 1212 may perform the operation. Otherwise virtual adapter 1212 is prohibited from performing the operation. It should be understood that in the present example, other system images and associated virtual adapters, e.g., system image 1208 and associated virtual adapter 1204, are configured in a similar manner for PCI family adapter 1201 (or virtual adapter 1204) validation of DMA operations and MMIO operations requested by system image 1216.

With reference next to FIG. 13, a functional block diagram of a PCI family adapter and a physical address memory translation table, such as a buffer table or a page table, is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 also depicts four mechanisms for how an address referenced in an incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 can be used to look up the virtual adapter resources (including the local PCI family adapter memory address that has been mapped to the host address), such as virtual adapter resources 1394 or 1398, associated with the memory address.

The first mechanism is to compare the memory address of incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 with each row of high address cell 1316 and low address cell 1320 in buffer table 1390. High address cell 1316 and low address cell 1320 respectively define an upper and lower address of a range of addresses associated with a corresponding virtual or physical adapter identified in association cell 1324. If incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 has an address that is lower than the contents of high address cell 1316 and that is higher than the contents of low address cell 1320, then incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 is within the high address and low address cells that are associated with the corresponding virtual adapter identified in association cell 1324. In such a scenario, the incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 is allowed to be performed on the matching virtual adapter. Alternatively, if incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 has an address that is not between the contents of high address cell 1316 and the contents of low address cell 1320, then completion or processing of incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 is prohibited. The second mechanism is to simply allow a single entry in buffer table 1390 per virtual adapter.

The third mechanism is to compare the memory address of incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 with each row of page starting address cell 1322 and with each row of page starting address cell 1322 plus the page size in page table 1392. If incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 has an address that is higher than or equal to the contents of page starting address cell 1322 and lower than page starting address-cell 1322 plus the page size, then incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 is within a page that is associated with a virtual adapter. Accordingly, incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 is allowed to be performed on the matching virtual adapter. Alternatively, if incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 has an address that is not within the contents of page starting address cell 1322 and page starting address cell 1322 plus the page size, then completion of incoming PCI bus transaction 1304 is prohibited. The fourth mechanism is to simply allow a single entry in page table 1392 per virtual adapter.

With reference next to FIG. 14, a functional block diagram of a PCI family adapter and a physical address memory translation table, such as a buffer table, a page table, or an indirect local address table, is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 also depicts several mechanisms for how a requester bus number, such as host bus number 1408, a requestor device number, such as host device number 1412, and a requestor function number, such as host function number 1416, referenced in incoming PCI bus transaction 1404 can be used to index into either buffer table 1498, page table 1494, or indirect local address table 1464. Buffer table 1498 is representative of buffer table 1390 shown in FIG. 13. Page table 1490 is representative of page table 1392 shown in FIG. 13. Local address table 1464 contains a local PCI family adapter memory address that references either a buffer table, such as buffer table 1438, or a page table, such as page table 1434, that only contains host memory addresses that are mapped to the same virtual adapter.

The requestor bus number, such as host bus number 1408, requester device number, such as host device number 1412, and requester function number, such as host function number 1416, referenced in incoming PCI bus transaction 1404 provides an additional check beyond the memory address mappings that were set up by a host LPAR manager.

Turning next to FIG. 15, a virtual adapter level management approach is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Under this approach, a physical or virtual host creates one or more virtual adapters, such as virtual adapter 1514, that each contain a set of resources within the scope of the physical adapter, such as PCI adapter 1532. Each virtual adapter is associated with a host side system image. A virtual adapter comprises a collection of resources (either virtualized or partitioned) of the physical adapter. By defining a virtual adapter entity, all virtual resources associated with a system image can be collectively manipulated by directing an action to the corresponding virtual adapter. For example, a virtual adapter (and all included virtual resources) can be created, destroyed, or modified by performing a function targeting the corresponding virtual adapter. Additionally, the virtual adapter management approach allows all resources of a virtual adapter to be identified with a single identifier, e.g., a bus, device, and function number, that is associated with the virtual adapter. The set of resources associated with virtual adapter 1514 may include, for example: processing queues and associated resources 1504, PCI port 1528 for each PCI physical port on PCI adapter 1532, a PCI virtual port 1506 that is associated with one of the possible addresses on adapter PCI port 1528, one or more downstream physical ports 1518 and 1522 for each downstream physical port on PCI adapter 1532, downstream virtual port 1508 and 1510 that is respectively associated with one of the possible addresses on physical port 1518 and 1522, and one or more address translation and protection tables (ATPTS) 1512.

Turning next to FIG. 16, a virtual resource level management approach is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Under this approach, a physical or virtual host creates one or more virtual resources on physical adapter 1674, such as a processing queue 1694, a virtual PCI port 1692 that is associated with one of the possible addresses on adapter PCI port 1678, a virtual downstream ports 1688 and 1690 that is respectively associated with one of the possible addresses on physical ports 1680 and 1684, and a memory translation and protection table (ATPT) 1676. The virtual resource level management approach is distinguished from the virtual adapter level management approach in that virtual resources are manipulated and identified individually. For example, a collection of virtual resources may be individually created and associated with a host side system image. Each virtual resource associated with a system image has a respective identifier, such as a bus, device, and function number. A manipulation of a virtual resource is performed independently of other virtual resources. Thus, for example, a set of virtual resource creation functions may be performed to create a set of virtual resources that are associated with a system image. No construct or container entity collectively defines a set of virtual resources in the virtual resource level management approach.

With reference next to FIG. 17, a diagram illustrating the memory mapping of a processing queue on a PCI adapter that supports either the virtual adapter management approach as described in FIG. 15 or the virtual resource management approach-described in FIG. 16 is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

A system image, such as system image 1712, contains an adapter device driver, such as adapter driver 1740, and application, such as Application X 1732. The adapter device driver and application may contain a backing store for the system image's processing queue table, such as PQ table backing store 1744 assigned to system image 1712. This backing store may be used to store a portion or all the contents of the PQ table that the PCI adapter, such as adapter 1720, uses for system image 1712. Similarly, an application running in system image 1712, such as Application X 1732, contains one or more processing queues, such as processing queue 1728, that each have a processing queue doorbell, such as PQ doorbell 1736 associated with processing queue 1728. Processing queue 1728 holds processing requests generated or otherwise associated with application 1732. Each processing queue is used to submit, retrieve, or both submit and retrieve work from the PCI adapter, such as PCI adapter 1720. The processing queue doorbell is used to let the PCI adapter, such as adapter 1720, know that the application, such as Application X 1732, has more work for the PCI adapter. The processing queue doorbell can also be used to indicate how much more work the application, such as application X 1732, has for the PCI adapter, such as Adapter 1720. The adapter driver and application can reside: both in the system image, above the system image, or the adapter driver can reside in the system image and the application can reside above it. Various other processing queues may be allocated in the address space of system image 1712, such as processing queues allocated to other applications running in system image 1712 or processing queues used by system image 1712 itself. Moreover, various other system images, such as system image 1713 may be allocated in the host and have an adapter driver, a backing store, and applications running within system image 1713.

Each system image has a processing queue (PQ) table associated to it. On the host side, the PQ table can only be accessed by that system image that had its physical memory addresses mapped to the PQ table by a super-privileged resource. On the adapter side, each virtual adapter (if the adapter uses the virtual adapter management approach) or each virtual resource (if the adapter uses the virtual resource management approach) can only access the PQ table it is associated with.

The I/O hub, such as I/O hub 1716, contains an address translation and protection table (ATPT) that makes a buffer consisting of discontiguous real system memory pages appear contiguous in the PCI bus address space. For example, processing queue 1728 may comprise discontiguous memory pages within the host physical memory, such as memory 212 of small host node 202 shown in FIG. 2. Address translation and protection tables of I/O hub 1716 provide mapping such that processing queue 1728 appears as a contiguous sequence of memory pages to facilitate I/O processing.

The adapter, such as adapter 1720, contains a processing queue (PQ) table consisting of multiple PQ table segments, such as PQ table segment 1700 assigned to system image 1712, that either contains the context of the PQ table directly or has a pointer to the context of the PQ table. In a similar manner, adapter 1720 contains other PQ table segments, such as PQ table segment 1701, assigned to other system images, such as system image 1713. The collection PQ table segments 1700 and 1701 comprise the processing queue maintained by adapter 1720.

In the illustrative example, assume system image 1712 has N processing queues (one of which is shown as processing queue 1728) allocated thereto. Each processing queue is associated with one of the entries in the PQ table segment assigned to the system image to which the processing queue is allocated. For example, each of the N processing queues allocated to system image 1712 is associated with one of entries 1700 b-1700 o in PQ table segment 1700 assigned to system image 1712.

Each entry of PQ table segment 1700 associated with a processing queue contains (or alternatively references) PQ context data. For example entry 1700 o of PQ table segment 1700 is associated with a processing queue N assigned to system image 1712 (or an application running within system image 1712) and contains or references (for example, by way of a pointer) PQ context 1724. In the illustrative example, assume PQ table segment entry 1700 o is associated with processing queue 1728 of application X 1732. Context 1724 associated with PQ N allocated to system image 1712 includes a PQ head address in entry 1724 a, PQ start address in context entry 1724 b, PQ end address in context entry 1724 c, a PQ count in context entry 1724 d, and may contain or reference other context data in one or more context entries such as context entry 1724 e.

Additionally, an entry, such as the first entry 1700 a of PQ table segment 1700, in each PQ table segment preferably contains a pointer to a next PQ table segment. For example, entry 1700 a of PQ table segment 1700 assigned to system image 1712 may contain a pointer to PQ table segment 1701 assigned to system image 1713. An application (or a system image), such as Application X 1732, adds work to the P context, such as PQ N context 1724 associated with application X 1732, by performing a Memory Mapped I/Q write operation to the PQ Count entry 1724 d of PQ context, such as PQ N context 1724 associated with application X 1732, and the PCI adapter, such as adapter 1720, uses an adder, such as adder 1722, to add the work to the current contents of the PQ count entry 1724 d of PQ context 1724.

With reference next to FIG. 18, a diagram illustrating memory mapping of an Address Translation and Protection Table on a PCI adapter that supports either the virtual adapter management approach described in FIG. 15 or virtual resource management approach described in FIG. 16 is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The system image, such as system image 1800, has a segmented protection table, such as protection table segment 1604 assigned to system image 1800, in an I/O adapter, such as I/O adapter 1720 shown in FIG. 17. System image 1800 is an example of a system image, such as system image 1712, allocated in a logically partitioned data processing system. Other system images, such as system image 1713 shown in FIG. 17, have a protection table segment allocated in the I/O adapter in a similar manner as that shown for system image 1800. The first entry 1804 a in protection table segment 1804 points to the next segment of the protection table, e.g., a protection table segment assigned to another system image such as system image 1713 shown in FIG. 17. The remaining entries 1804 b-1804 o contain protection table entries, such as protection table entry 1820. Each protection table entry contains a set of attributes in various protection table entry fields 1820 a-1820 i, for the entry, such as: whether the entry is valid or not, local read/write access control, remote read/write access control, and remote access enabled (RAE) attributes stored in protection table entry field 1820 a, protection domain maintained in protection entry field 1820 b, key instance maintained in protection entry field 1820 c, window reference count maintained in protection entry field 1820 d, physical address table (PAT) size maintained in protection entry field 1820 e, page size maintained in protection entry field 1820 f, virtual address and first byte offset maintained in protection entry field 1820 g, length maintained in protection entry field 1820 h, and physical address table pointer maintained in protection entry field 1820 g.

The virtual address maintained in virtual address field 1820 g is mapped to a physical address, which equals a PCI bus address, defined in an entry of address table segment 1824. Thus, discontiguous memory regions identified in entries of address table segment 1824 may be mapped to a contiguous virtual address space by the association of virtual addresses in protection table entries with addresses maintained in address table segment 1824.

The physical address table pointer in protection entry field 1820 g references the first segment of a system image address table segment, such as address table segment 1824 associated with system image 1800. Other system images, such as system image 1713 shown in FIG. 17, likewise have an associated address table segment allocated thereto and that is referenced by a pointer in a field of the protection table segment allocated to the system image in the I/O adapter. The adapter may cache a portion or all of the protection table segments, such as cached protection table segment 1890, and the address table segments, such as cached address table segment 1898. The adapter also maintains a mapping of Key or S_Tag to protection table mappings, such as Key/S_Tag to PT mapping 1886.

Each system image has a protection table, with its set of address tables, associated to it. On the host side, the protection and address tables can only be accessed by the associated system image that had its physical memory addresses mapped to the protection and address tables by a super-privileged resource. On the adapter side, each virtual adapter (if the adapter uses the virtual adapter management approach), or each virtual resource (if the adapter uses the virtual resource management approach), can only access the protection and address tables it is associated with.

With reference next to FIG. 19, a flowchart outlining an exemplary operation of a mechanism that enables host software or firmware, such as a super-privileged Hypervisor, to assign adapter processing queues and/or memory address translation and protection table (memory ATPT) entries to a system image in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is depicted.

Through either a user management interface or an automated script/workflow, a request is invoked that will assign adapter processing queues and/or memory address translation and protection table (e.g., protection table and the associated address tables) entries to a system image (step 1900).

The super-privileged resource directly, or through an intermediary, determines if the physical adapter has enough resources to complete the request (step 1904). If the PCI adapter doesn't have sufficient resources, then the super-privileged resource generates an error (step 1906), and the error result is returned for the operation (step 1924).

Returning again to step 1904, if it is determined that the adapter has sufficient resources to complete the request, the super-privileged resource directly, or through an intermediary, determines if the request is for a processing queue (step 1908). If it is determined that the request is not for a processing queue at step 1908, the request is for a memory address translation and protection table (e.g., a protection table and the associated address tables) and the super-privileged resource creates the memory address translation and protection table resources in the address range associated with the system image that invoked the request (step 1916). The physical adapter then returns the attributes of the assigned virtual resource to the Hypervisor or other super privileged resource according to step 1924.

Returning again to step 1908, if it is determined that the request is for a processing queue, then the super-privileged resource creates the processing queue resources in the address range associated with the system image that invoked the request (step 1912), and the super-privileged resource directly, or through an intermediary, proceeds to determine if the request is for a memory address translation and protection table (step 1920). If it is determined that the request is for a memory address translation and protection table at step 1920, then the super-privileged resource creates the memory address translation and protection table (e.g., protection table and the associated address tables) resources in the address range associated with the system image that invoked the request according to step 1916. If it is determined that the request is not for a memory address translation and protection table at step 1920, then the physical adapter returns the attributes of the created processing queue according to step 1924.

As described, embodiments of the present invention enable host software or firmware to map PCI adapter virtual resources to PCI bus addresses that are associated with a system image. A processing queue table segment is allocated in an adapter memory. The processing queue table segment is associated with a system image allocated in a host memory of the logically partitioned data processing system. A protection table segment that defines attributes of a plurality of regions of the host memory is allocated in an input/output adapter. The plurality of memory regions are allocated to a processing queue of the system image. An address table segment associated with the protection table segment is allocated in the input/output adapter. The address table segment defines physical addresses of the plurality of memory regions that can be accessed by a processing queue. The physical addresses are mapped to logical addresses by the protection table segment and the first address table segment. Thus, virtual resources of an input/output adapter are mapped to PCI bus addresses of a system image to which the virtual resources are allocated.

The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 

1. A method of host initialization in a data processing system that includes a plurality of different system images, each one of the plurality of system images independently executing an operating system, the method comprising the computer implemented steps of: allocating, in the adapter memory, a protection table segment for each one of the plurality of different system images, each one of the protection table segments including a plurality of protection table entries, wherein each one of the protection table segments cannot be accessed by ones of the plurality of system images other than the one of the plurality of system images for which each one of the protection table segments was allocated; associating an address table segment with each one of the plurality of system images, wherein each one of the address table segments cannot be accessed by ones of the plurality of system images other than the one of the plurality of system images for which each one of the address table segments was allocated; for each one of the plurality of system images: including in one of the plurality of protection table entries, which is included in the protection table segment that is allocated for the one of the plurality of system images, a protection domain, a logical address, and an address table pointer that points to the address table segment that is associated with the one of the plurality of system images; allocating a first processing queue table segment in an adapter memory, wherein the first processing queue table segment is associated with a first system image allocated in a host memory of the data processing system; allocating, in the adapter memory, a first protection table segment that defines attributes of a plurality of regions of the host memory, wherein the plurality of regions are associated with the first system image allocated in the host memory of the data processing system; allocating, in the adapter memory, a first address table segment associated with a first entry in the first protection table segment that respectively defines physical addresses associated with the first entry in the first protection table segment; and responsive to allocating the first protection table segment and the first address table segment, mapping the physical addresses to logical addresses, wherein the mapping is defined by the first protection table segment and the first address table segment.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical addresses are discontiguous and the logical addresses are contiguous.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each one of the plurality of system images is associated with a respective processing queue table segment in the adapter memory.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of mapping further comprises: recording, in a first entry of the first protection table segment, a first virtual address assigned to a first byte of a range of physical addresses associated with the first entry; and referencing, in the first entry, the first address table segment.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein recording further comprises: recording a respective entry in the first protection table segment for each of the plurality of regions, wherein each entry maintains a respective virtual address assigned to the respective region associated with the entry.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein virtual addresses recorded in entries of the first protection table segment comprise a contiguous range of virtual addresses.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first processing queue table segment comprises a plurality of entries including a first entry, wherein the first entry of the processing queue table segment is associated with the first processing queue and maintains a logical address that references the start of the first processing queue and a logical address that references an end of the first processing queue.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: invoking, by a super-privileged resource, a request to allocate the first protection table segment and the first address table segment.
 9. A computer program product, which is stored in a computer readable mediums, that facilitates host initialization in a data processing system that includes a plurality of different system images, each one of the plurality of system images independently executing an operating system, the computer program product comprising: first instructions for allocating, in the adapter memory, a protection table segment for each one of the plurality of different system images, each one of the protection table segments including a plurality of protection table entries, wherein each one of the protection table segments cannot be accessed by ones of the plurality of system images other than the one of the plurality of system images for which each one of the protection table segments was allocated; second instructions for associating an address table segment with each one of the plurality of system images, wherein each one of the address table segments cannot be accessed by ones of the plurality of system images other than the one of the plurality of system images for which each one of the address table segments was allocated; third instructions, for each one of the plurality of system images, for: including in one of the plurality of protection table entries, which is included in the protection table segment that is allocated for the one of the plurality of system images, a protection domain, a logical address, and an address table pointer that points to the address table segment that is associated with the one of the plurality of system images; fourth instructions that allocate a first processing queue table segment in an adapter memory, wherein the first processing queue table segment is associated with a first system image allocated in a host memory of the data processing system; fifth instructions that allocate, in the adapter memory, a first protection table segment that defines attributes of a plurality of regions of the host memory, wherein the plurality of regions are associated with the first system image allocated in the host memory; sixth instructions that allocate, in the adapter memory, a first address table segment associated with a first entry in the first protection table segment that respectively defines physical addresses of the plurality of regions associated with the first entry in the first protection table segment; and seventh instructions that, responsive to the second instructions allocating the first protection table segment and the third instructions allocating the first address table segment, map the physical addresses to logical addresses, wherein the mapping is defined by the first protection table segment and the first address table segment.
 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the physical addresses are discontiguous and the logical addresses are contiguous.
 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein each one of the plurality of system images is associated with a respective processing queue table segment in the adapter memory.
 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the seventh instructions map the physical addresses to the logical addresses by recording, in a first entry of the first protection table segment, a first virtual address assigned to a first byte of a range of physical addresses associated with the first entry, and references, in the first entry, the first address table segment.
 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the seventh instructions record a respective entry in the first protection table segment for each of the plurality of regions, and wherein each entry maintains a respective virtual address assigned to the respective region associated with the entry.
 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein virtual addresses recorded in entries of the first protection table segment comprise a contiguous range of virtual addresses.
 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the first processing queue table segment comprises a plurality of entries including a first entry, wherein the first entry is associated with a processing queue and maintains a logical address that references the start of the processing queue and a logical address that references an end of the processing queue.
 16. A data processing system, which includes a plurality of different system images, each one of the plurality of system images independently executing an operating system comprising: a host memory that contains the plurality of system images; a physical adapter having adapter memory that maintains a first processing queue table segment that is associated with a first system image of the plurality of system images; and a processor that, responsive to execution of a set of instructions: allocates, in the adapter memory, a protection table segment for each one of the plurality of different system images, wherein each one of the protection table segments including a plurality of protection table entries, further wherein each one of the protection table segments cannot be accessed by ones of the plurality of system images other than the one of the plurality of system images for which each one of the protection table segments was allocated; associates an address table segment with each one of the plurality of system images, wherein each one of the address table segments cannot be accessed by ones of the plurality of system images other than the one of the plurality of system images for which each one of the address table segments was allocated; for each one of the plurality of system images: includes in one of the plurality of protection table entries, which is included in the protection table segment that is allocated for the one of the plurality of system images, a protection domain, a logical address, and an address table pointer that points to the address table segment that is associated with the one of the plurality of system images; allocates a first processing queue table segment associated with the first system image in the adapter memory; allocates, in the adapter memory, a first protection table segment that defines aftributes of a plurality of regions of the host memory, wherein the plurality of regions are allocated to a processing queue of the first system image; allocates, in the adapter memory, a first address table segment associated with the first protection table segment that respectively defines physical addresses of the plurality of regions; and maps the physical addresses to logical addresses, wherein the mapping is defined by the first protection table segment and the first address table segment.
 17. The data processing system of claim 16, wherein the physical addresses are discontiguous and the logical addresses are contiguous. 